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Showing posts with label emergency medicine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label emergency medicine. Show all posts
I wrote a piece for NPR about the patients we see in an urban ER, and how every day is a reminder that health doesn't exist in a vacuum.
 
Even in the time-limited setting of the ER, it's important for providers to understand where our patients live, work and play. It's these conversations that allow us to diagnose and treat the real causes of our patients' ills.
 
Thanks to everyone for reading, and in particular to the many people who pointed out the critical necessity of teamwork--with nurses, physician assistants, technicians, nurse practictioners, case managers, students, social workers, and many more. 
 
Indeed, it takes an entire team to provide true care. As people have commented on NPR's Facebook site, we in the ER rely on social workers--many of whom are overworked yet try so hard to help our patients. Whenever we as docs and nurses refer patients to social workers, they are always fantastic about helping us. It's critical for us frontline providers who see patients first to ask the tough questions and look beyond the "chief complaint" in order to know to involve the other members of our team.
 
I have been fortunate over the course of my training and career to learn from and work with many incredibly caring, highly compassionate, and superbly competent providers. It's also the community leaders and neighborhood organizations who provide care outside the walls of our institution, who are critical to the health of people. 
 
On this Thanksgiving weekend, I give them, and all of you, my unending gratitude and deep respect. Thank you.

My last blog was on how today’s medical system fails by not addressing the real needs of our patients and their communities. Here, I highlight three projects that take such an “upstream” approach to healthcare:

Doctors can give prescriptions for medications, but why not a prescription for healthy foods and safer housing? Health Leads employs young people (usually college graduates interested in careers in health) to be advocates who assist doctors in clinics and ERs in connecting patients with community resources. They help with everything from food assistance to job training to legal counseling. They help to “fill” the other prescriptions that people need to achieve better health.

Recognizing that black males have significant health disparities and that outreach and education must start in the community, Project Brotherhood was conceived from a simple idea: give patients free haircuts, and use barber shops as a place to screen and counsel on illnesses such as high blood pressure and STI prevention. Its model of multidisciplinary, culturally competent care incorporates other aspects of social support, including on fatherhood and job support.

 The New York Times just published a story about an “EMS Corps” in East Oakland that specifically recruits at-risk youth and train them to be emergency medical technicians. They provide mentorship for young men who come from backgrounds of poverty and violence, and train them to become professionals who will serve their communities. As the story cites, these men are taught that they aren’t the problem—they are the solution.

These are only some of the some of the many innovations occurring around the country. We need far more interventions that go beyond “band aid” care. In the words of public health doctor Rishi Manchanda (whose recent TED talk I highly recommend), we must change our entire approach to healthcare, away from simply treating the effects of illnesses to targeting interventions to where people live, work, and play—where health really begins.

When I was a medical student, I worked with an NGO in Rwanda to provide medical care to women with HIV. Nearly all had witnessed their family members murdered during the genocide, and many became afflicted with HIV as a result of rape. Our initial focus was on getting antiretroviral therapy to these women, but we quickly realized that while it was important for them to have access to medications, they couldn’t be healthy unless they also had enough food to eat. They couldn’t stay safe unless they had shelter. They couldn’t be well unless we addressed their psychological trauma.

As an emergency physician working in inner city ERs in St. Louis, Boston, and D.C., I see this same problem every day. My 8-year old patient, Kami, comes in wheezing and short of breath. She has asthma, and two years ago, she lost her inhaler. She and two brothers are staying with her mother’s cousin; lots of people smoke in the house; and she’s missed several days of school. I can give her a breathing treatment and prescribe an inhaler, but how do I help her achieve good health?

Over the last year, I’ve seen 19-year old Byron in the ER three times. The first time, he was stabbed on the arm. It was a superficial cut; he received some stitches. The second time, he got in a fight and broke his hand. I gave him a splint and sent him home. The third time, he was shot twice in the abdomen. I stabilized him and sent him to the operating room. I wonder when he will be back for another violent injury. Is there a better way to help him than to patch him up, piece by piece?

Then there’s Josephine, a 38-year old single mother of four. She was told four years ago that she has cervical cancer. Between her three part-time jobs and taking care of her children, she had no time to see a doctor. Her boss threatened to fire her if she left in the middle of the day. She tried to call a specialist, but they wouldn't take her insurance. By the time she comes to the ER, her cancer had spread to her intestines and her lung. We set her up for treatment, but what does it say about our society that her disease had to progress this far?

Our healthcare system is good at providing short-term fixes for problems. We pride ourselves in having the most advanced technologies in the world. We can provide this excellent care for the few hours the patient is with us in the ER, hospital, or clinic—but then the patient is on her own and back to the same problems, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Numerous studies have shown that it’s where we live, learn, work, and play that have a far greater impact on our well-being than the treatment delivered in a hospital.

I chose to be an emergency physician because I want to provide excellent care to everyone, regardless of ability to pay. We in the ER provide a necessary service, but it’s far from being sufficient. We need comprehensive strategies that promote health and target problems “upstream”. We need to recognize that health does not exist in a vacuum, that it is intimately tied to issues such as literacy, employment, transportation, crime, and poverty. An MRI here, a prescription there—these are Band-Aids, not lasting solutions. Our communities need innovative approaches to pressing issues like homelessness, drug addiction, obesity, and lack of mental health services.

The sage Dr. Patch Adams said that if we treat the disease, we lose; if we treat the patient, we win. To help the patient, we must also address the health of the community.

Over the next several blogs, I will be exploring interventions that show promise in addressing the needs of the patient and their community. I welcome your ideas and suggestions.

My latest NPR article was about conflicting accounts of the same ER visit. I presented the case of a man who came in with chest pain. He was deeply upset about his care, but the providers had a very different perspective.
I had no idea that that this article would draw so many comments (nearly 300,000 at last check). Scott Hensley, NPR’s Shots editor, posted a compilation of the comments, along with my remark:
"While I'm gratified that so many readers appreciate the time pressures of working in a busy ER, I am saddened by how many respondents accept that efficiency must come at the expense of humanity. Our health-care system needs to change to bridge the disconnect between what patients need and what hospitals do. All of us — as providers and patients —need to speak up, and demand a system that values both competence and compassion, and enables doctors to practice true patient-centered care."

I’d love to hear your thoughts. What can be done to improve our healthcare system?

As an emergency physician used to working in busy, urban ERs, I like to think that I’m not easily surprised. The other day, someone did something that really amazed me.

Our patient was a young woman who had a headache and requested medications to take it away. On an average ER shift, we see dozens of patients with similar complaints to hers. On busy days, the evaluation and treatment become rote: take a history, do a physical exam, administer treatment, fill out paperwork, and so on and so forth.

I had finished the evaluation and was typing my note when our ER tech, Emily, came up to me. She held a baby in her arms who was gurgling and sucking his thumb.

“Do you remember this one?” she asked me.

I vaguely recalled that there was a crying baby in the room with my patient. Emily confirmed, “It’s hers. I just took the baby to give her a little break.”

Emily figured out something that I didn’t. Over the next hour, she entertained the baby while its mom slept, all the while carrying on with her other busy duties. When my patient woke up, her headache was much better.

In today’s medical world, it’s so easy to forget the human aspect of care and to neglect the low-tech solutions that are so important. As my hero, Dr. Bernard Lown says, you should always feel better after having gone to see the doctor. We are so used to making people feel better through medications; we must not forget the other simpler, and even more critical treatments.

When I complimented Emily on her excellent care, she blushed. “It was nothing,” she said. (She was so hesitant to accept credit that she didn’t want her real name to be in this article.)

But it’s not nothing. It’s a bright spot, a simple act of kindness, something that can and did make a difference in someone else’s life. She didn’t do it because she wanted recognition or praise for it; she did because it was the right thing to do.

All of us have the opportunity to inject a little bit of brightness into someone else’s day. 

What will your act of kindness be? 

(Addendum: After I posted this article, the wonderful provider who was the source of inspiration for this article told me she was fine with having her first name here. Emily's real name is Dana.)

Courtesy of NPR from npr.org
On April 15th, 2013, I woke up at 5:30am and walked to Mass General Hospital to begin my ER shift. It was the day of Boston marathon, and we were prepared for the usual influx of people with heatstroke and dehydration. That day, as other days, we also treated dozens of critically ill patients with heart attacks, strokes, and severe infections.

Just before 3pm, we received the call that nobody could have predicted. Bombs had detonated at the Boston marathon. Many people were gravely injured.

Minutes later, they arrived in our ER. Some were not breathing. Others were missing limbs. All were covered with blood and soot.

As an emergency physician, I am trained to treat traumatic injuries. But while I helped direct our trauma teams to triage then resuscitate these patients, I was terrified. My husband and I lived in Back Bay, next to the explosions. He had texted me not long before to say that he was headed to the finish line to watch the marathon. I didn’t know where he was; I feared that the next patient I took care of could be him.

I wrote about this fear and guilt in an NPR article, and subsequently about the need to care for the many healthcare providers who served on that day.

Now, one year later, I no longer live in Boston, but I will always remember April 15th. I remember the bravery and resourcefulness of the first responder, bystanders, and volunteers. I remember the teamwork in our hospital among every service—not just those of us caring for the victims themselves, but also those oncologists and obstetricians who jumped in and provided excellent care for other patients in our ER. I remember the support from our city and indeed our broader community in the U.S. and around the world. 

Most of all, I remember the courage of the victims and their families. Their resilience serves as inspiration for all of us.

As I remember April 15th, I am grateful to have had the opportunity to take care of these brave men, women, and children. I’m honored to be able to serve and proud to be a physician and emergency care provider.
Danielle is a 21-year-old woman with a headache. Her doctor tells her that she needs a CT scan and a spinal tap. Danielle doesn’t want these tests; she knows that she drank too much last night and feels like she has a bad hangover, but should she really say no to her doctor?

Nancy is a 38-year-old woman with vomiting and diarrhea. Her toddlers have the same symptoms. The doctor says she needs to get a CT scan of her belly. He says her blood pressure is “borderline high” and that she should also start taking medication. She’d prefer to avoid drugs if possible—what should she do?

As an emergency physician, I see dilemmas like these every day, yet they get very little attention. For so long, the rhetoric has been about the danger of too little medical care. Newspapers are full of stories about deaths that have resulted from missed diagnoses and lack of access to care. TV shows glorify the detective-doctor who doesn’t give up and persists on ordering test after test in order to solve an esoteric case.

While many people still lack access to care, there’s mounting evidence that many people also receive too much care. The prestigious Institute of Medicine estimates that 30 percent of all medical tests and treatments are unnecessary. This is not only wasted money—an estimated $700 billion of unnecessary spending per year—but also potentially harmful. Every test has risks and possible side effects. A CT scan has a risk of radiation, for example, that may lead to cancer later in life. And one test often leads to another, even riskier, test.

There are many causes of overtreatment. Drug companies and technology manufacturers have their own incentives for wanting people to receive more, rather than less, care. While doctors generally mean well, they also have financial incentives for over-testing. A study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that 94 percent of doctors have some relationship with a drug company or medical device company, and many are paid more for conducting more tests. On top of that, fear of malpractice can also drive doctors to do more, just to be sure.

The problem isn’t just doctors, though. Patients also believe that more is better. New tests and treatments succeed in part because the general public tends to idolize technology. 

Unfortunately, this issue is complicated because medical advances can be helpful and save lives in certain circumstances. So how do you know when testing is appropriate—and when it’s simply too much?

There isn’t an easy answer to this question, but I recommend that you ask your doctor five key questions every time he or she recommends you undergo a test:

What Do You Think My Diagnosis Might Be?
Your doctor always has some sense of possible diagnoses before you get any tests done. You should find out what he or she is thinking; that way, you know why the tests are being done and how likely the various possibilities are. If Danielle had asked her doctor this, for example, he likely would have told her that odds are she just has a hangover and that it’s far less than a 1 percent chance that she has brain bleeding.


What Evidence Exists Suggesting this Test or Treatment is Beneficial?
This is particularly important for screening tests like checking for high blood pressure, cholesterol, and cancer. Ask your doctor what studies there are to show that a test improves quality of life. If there is no evidence for the test or if the jury is still out, you should ask why your doctor thinks you need the test and keep in mind your doctor’s possible incentives for testing and treatment.


What are the Potential Side Effects?
Every single test, even just getting your blood drawn, has side effects—and you should know what they are before you consent to any tests. Without knowing the side effects, you can’t weigh the risks against the benefits.


Is Watching and Waiting an Option?
Very few situations are so urgent that a test has to be done ASAP; most of the time, it’s perfectly fine to wait and see if other symptoms emerge or if you get better. With Nancy, for example, it would have been appropriate for her to go home and see if she gets better; she didn’t need to get a CT scan right away.

 
What Other Treatment Options Do I Have?
Doctors are trained to “fix” problems with treatments. Many of us don’t have the knowledge or time to counsel patients on other options, like diet and exercise changes and/or alternative treatments. But these other treatments may be just as effective and may help you avoid potentially harmful side effects. Perhaps Nancy’s blood pressure could be controlled with diet alone, for example. There are always alternatives; ask about them.


Ultimately, you should have a trusting partnership with your doctor and feel comfortable asking hard questions. You are your own best advocate, and you have to speak up to make sure you get the right medical care—and avoid unnecessary tests and treatments.

This article was previously published in Women's Health Magazine (posted here with their permission).
This week, I wrote an article in Slate with the provocative theme of "10 Types of ER Patients". 

My intention in writing the article is not to stereotype or imply that patients don't have good reasons for coming to the ER. 

Rather, in my work as an emergency physician and separately as a patient advocate, I've met many patients who are frustrated by their care. I've seen the same missed opportunities and miscommunication happen over and over. This is my attempt to provide advice and guidance before they came to the ER.

The 10 Types of Patients I See in My Emergency Room

What do you think? Is this advice helpful? I'd love to hear your thoughts.
Being an emergency physician is an honor and a privilege.

Along with primary care physicians, we ER docs are the frontlines of medical care. We have to be able to take of every patient, no matter their age or ailment (or, thankfully, their ability to pay).

Our job is often very challenging because we have to make decisions with little information. It's often easier to second-guess decisions we made, because the answer is always clearer in retrospect.

My latest NPR article discusses the challenge of being an ER doc and practicing medicine in a fragmented medical system.



When Facts Are Scarce, ER Doctor Turns Detective to Decide on Care


Please read, and comment! I'd love to hear your thoughts.

On July 1st, four years ago, I walked through Mass General and Brigham & Women’s Hospitals with an odd mixture of fear, relief, and excitement. Now, as I leave the hospital after my last shift of emergency medicine residency training, I am filled with a similar hodgepodge of emotions and reflections.

#1. “You were terrified of being a doctor!” I mentioned this article to the attending who oversaw my first shift as a newly-minted doctor. That day is forever etched in my mind; did he remember it? Much to my great embarrassment, he chuckled and said, of course. “I kept telling you not to worry if you don’t know something, but you were scared of everything!”

Though I knew that I was there to learn, it took me a while to get over my insecurities about not knowing so that I could focus on learning. And the learning was everywhere—on every single shift, I learned from great clinicians not just about diagnosis and treatment, but also important lessons on how to lead a team, how to teach, and, most importantly, how to help people who come to us in their time of need. I’ve been incredibly fortunate to have learned from many colleagues along the way, including the amazingly skillful and compassionate nurses at Brigham & Mass General. As my mentors say, it is called the practice of medicine for a reason, and we should embrace, rather than fear, the learning.

#2. “Mistakes will happen.” Every doctor has made a mistake some time in her life. Whether it’s a technical error (i.e. inserting a long IV into an artery rather than a vein), a systems error (i.e. ordering a medication for the wrong patient), or a communication error (i.e. angering a patient or colleague), all of us graduating residents will have made some kind of error. I myself made all three of these errors, and more.

With the volume of patients we will see throughout our careers, being the cause of medical error and interpersonal conflict is a terrifying and humbling thought. A wise physician said to me that just as residency is the time to learn how to practice medicine right, it’s also the time to learn skills like how to disclose mistakes to patients, and how to deal with conflict. “Don’t shy away from difficult situations,” he told me. “Put yourself in the middle of them to see what others do, and then develop your own style.”

#3. “That man has a name, and it’s not ‘the chest pain in room 8.’” As busy residents with long to-do lists, we often fall prey to the tendency to dehumanize our patients and brand them as chief complaints to quickly decide their disposition. On the surface, this might appear to save time, but dig a little deeper, and such algorithmic, depersonalized medicine results in unnecessary tests, misdiagnosis, and worse patient experience.

Furthermore, practicing cookbook medicine is not why we chose to become doctors. My work became much more meaningful when I made a commitment to connect with each patient, no matter how busy I am. I learned that the “old guy with dementia” was a world-renowned philosopher, that the “the onc patient with fever and neutropenia” had ten children with her preschool sweetheart. As physicians, we are privileged to hear so many stories from so many people. Cherish this gift we’re given to share in our patients’ rich lives. Our healthcare system isolates patients and disenfranchises families; we have the power to practice real patient- and family-centered medicine.

#4. “Residency is hard, and you have to take care of yourself.” My best friend from medical school, who had just completed his pediatric residency, warned me about this before I started intern year. How right he was. Work hours may have improved since our forefathers trained, but residents still work a lot and are exposed to high-stress situations with life-and-death consequences. Studies have shown that rates of depression and burnout increase sharply during training, yet the “hidden curriculum” of medical training still favors bravado over openness. Residents are taught to “suck it up” instead of talking about difficult situations and taking care of ourselves.

This is not the way it has to be! I learned this lesson the hard way during second year of residency, when my mother died. I suppressed my emotions rather than seek help, and saw how easy it is to feel isolated. Fight this impulse and stay connected. Find peers you can reflect with and openly speak about your experiences. Nourish the other people in your life and recognize their critical role in helping you through this process. For me, it was my wonderfully supportive husband and my friends who sustained me and kept me grounded. Make time for these people in your life. I cannot think of anyone who regrets the time spent with our loved ones and laments, “if only I spent that day reading one more research article!”

#5. “Emergency medicine is a phenomenal field.” The first grand rounds lecture I heard as an intern was by Dr. Larry Weiss, then President of AAEM. He spoke about how emergency medicine is an ideal specialty for advocacy: as the frontlines of medical care who interact with every aspect of the healthcare system, we are the most well-positioned physicians to advocate for our patients, our communities, and our society. We see the problems with public health—smoking, obesity, gun violence, etc. We see the problems with under-, over-, and misutilization of healthcare. And we have the ability and power to act on these problems every day.

In my fourth year of medical school, I selected emergency medicine as a specialty because I wanted the ability to treat any patient, anywhere. Being one of the emergency providers who took of care victims of the Boston bombings made me grateful for my training and for the skills I’ve learned along the way. We in emergency medicine have the incredible opportunity to utilize our training to do what we love while making a difference to improve care for our patients and to transform our healthcare system.

What else can I say about these last four years? It’s been a rollercoaster ride. Now that I’m about to embark on the next journey as an emergency medicine attending physician, health policy professor, and Director of Patient-Centered Care Research at the George Washington University in D.C., I am filled with exactly the same emotions of fear, relief, and excitement that I came to Boston with. I have learned so much from so many incredible people along the way, and will forever be indebted to the amazing attendings, residents, nurses, physician assistants, and other colleagues at Brigham & Mass General Hospitals.

Now, what will the next years bring? I’ll be on leave for the next month, but stay tuned for more dispatches and reflections, soon to be from the nation’s capitol.


It was my first shift as an intern, and I was terrified. I was assigned to the “Fast Track” area of the Mass General ER—a section designated for those with straightforward issues: lacerations, sprained ankles, etc. Overnight, though, I would be the only doctor in that area. I’d been away from clinical medicine for nearly three years, and was terrified of what that Saturday night would bring.

My first patient proved my ignorance. Mrs. R was a pleasant woman in her sixties who had gotten her left hand caught in the car door and was feeling pain in her third and fourth knuckles. I’d ordered x-rays of her hand, which showed a small fracture, and I was trying to figure out how to make a splint.

“Doctor, you might want to take another look at her hand,” her nurse, Kelly*, said.

I ran to the room. Even from the doorway, I could see that Mrs. R’s third and fourth knuckles had swollen to twice their size. The ring finger was turning a dark red, almost purplish, color.

This was an emergency! I couldn’t believe that I’d forgotten to take the rings off before the x-ray, and now they were compromising blood supply to the fingers.

But what do I about it now? Mrs. R was in obvious pain, but she was also crying that these were precious rings, given to her by her late husband.

I grabbed an ice bucket and some water-soluble jelly. Kelly frowned. “How about doing a digital block first?”

Numbing the finger…. that sounded like a great idea. But alas, digital block, jelly, and ice did not do the trick. “Maybe it’s time we get the ring cutter,” I said

“How about trying the string technique first—have you used that?” Kelly suggested. No…. but she had, and we succeeded in getting the rings off, without needing to damage them, or our patient.

The rest of the night was a blur. I remember my hesitation at ordering any medication stronger than Tylenol, and even Tylenol itself (“for God’s sakes; mothers give it to their babies!”.) I remember my first car accident victim, M, an intoxicated young man who had been struck while walking across the street. He looked fine to me, but his nurse, Ann, didn't think so. He was sweating and looked confused, not drunk. “Let’s move him to another area,” Ann said. She was right—he turned out to have a bleed in his brain and a large femur fracture. Her clinical acumen saved our patient.

Thankfully, I have matured as a clinician since that terrifying first day, though the training process was not without its bumps and bruises. I and my fellow trainees frequently credit the attending physicians and senior residents from whom we have learned so much. This praise is deserved, but I also want to acknowledge another group of people who have instrumental in teaching and guiding us: the nurses.

Over the last four years, I have had the honor and privilege of working with and learning from the terrific nurses at Brigham & Women’s and Mass General Hospitals. Time and time again, these nurses have saved me from making mistakes, big and small. They have taught me clinical judgment and clinical skills. They have demonstrated true patient-centered care, and shown me what it means to really listen. They have inspired me to always be vigilant and always care.

In my second year of residency, my mother passed away from metastatic cancer. Before she died, she told me that she wanted to make sure I thank her nurses, because it was they who she thought really cared for her.

It was they, too, who cared for my family and for me. After we decided to withdraw her life support, I was wracked with guilt. It was what my mother had wanted, but kind of daughter was I to end my own mother’s life?

All the doctors had left. Her nurse, Andy, came to find me at my mother’s bedside. He told me about how he had to make a similar decision to allow his terminally ill wife to die. “It’s what she would have wanted,” Andy said. “You are carrying out her last wish, to die peacefully.” I will never forget his words and his kindness.

As I near the end of my training at last, I am reminded of the Hippocrates saying that the goal of medicine is “to cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always.” This, too, I learn through daily example from the amazing nurses I work with.

Thank you.


* Names have been changed, though I very much remember—and acknowledge—the actual people involved.
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“I have a recurring nightmare where I am performing CPR on a patient who turns out to be my husband.

Last Monday, my nightmare nearly came true.

It was 2:50 p.m., and the Massachusetts General Hospital ER was filled to capacity.

In the section where I was working, my patients were critically ill, with strokes, heart attacks and overwhelming infections. Even the hallways were packed with patients receiving emergency treatments.

A call over the loudspeakers announced that there had been two explosions. Many people were injured. That's all we knew.”

This is how last Monday began. The rest of my story, and my husband’s, is in my NPR piece.

It’s been a very long week in Boston.

I will write more of my reflections in the days to come, about destruction and terror, but also about collaboration and courage. 

Thanks to everyone for your support and well wishes during this trying time for our city.

Everyone knows that life in the E.R. is fast-faced, extremely busy, and ever-challenging. When things get crazy, it becomes habit for busy physicians to see patients as “the chest pain in room 6” or “the broken wrist in the hallway.” We turn people with their amazing lives and fascinating stories into a nameless number and a “chief complaint”.

It’s a practice that’s easy to justify—after all, taking a long time with one patient can delay care for all the other people who are waiting to see us. However, the story of the patient, the story of why he is there, and the context of his illness—these are all critical to us taking care of him.

Learning our patients’ stories also makes our professional life that much more fulfilling. Last moth, I was supervising an intern, who saw a patient that she was confident she knew what to do with. “Room 8 is an old guy from a nursing home with dementia, who was recently here for pneumonia. He comes in with altered mental status and a cough. He is confused, has a fever, his lungs sound junky. I’m going to get a chest x-ray and do an infectious workup. He probably has pneumonia, and will need to be admitted.”

That sounded like a straightforward plan to me. It was a busy day, and I went into see this “old guy” who probably had pneumonia. I introduced ourselves to a woman in his room, his daughter, who was holding a book. It was on love: the metaphysical interpretation of love.

She saw me looking at the book. “Have you ever read it?”

I shook my head. “Well, it’s my father’s book,” she said. “It’s been printed in 100 countries.”

Indeed, this “old guy from a nursing home” was one of the foremost experts on the philosophy of love. He had had a phenomenal career, filled with interesting adventures. The daughter was one of many people who made up his loving family—they were more than happy to tell me about him. In a few minutes, I had learned so much more about him as a person, and as a patient.

How often do doctors find out, really find out, about our patients? Well, here’s how NOT to find out. Ask: “Do you have chest pain? Shortness of breath? Abdominal pain?” These yes/no questions may seem important to us as we check off a list that doctors feel compelled to ask, but they don’t tell us anything about who is the person in front of us. We have no idea of the careers they devoted effort to, accomplishments that they are proud of, and goals that they strove for.

As I think back to the most memorable moments of my medical training, what stands out aren’t the never-ending lectures, or heroic surgeries, or terrible traumas. What I remember are the people I met and their stories.

I remember Sharon, a lady who was dying of cancer. Her husband showed me a picture of the two of them when they were both three—they had met in a sandbox 80 years ago, and had been inseparable since then. I remember Fan, a middle-aged man who was so serene after a serious car accident that resulted in tetraplegia. I later found out that he was a Buddhist monk, one of the most revered in Asia. I remember Sydney, a drug addict I saw as an intern who returned two years later saying that he was now totally clean and running a recovery program for teens. These are the stories I cherish, of the patients I have been privileged to care for.

Physicians, nurses, and our team of health professionals are part of a humbling profession, an incredibly rewarding one, where we are honored to meet people from all walks of life. Instead of shying away from this task and turning people into a compilation of their symptoms, we need to embrace the gift that our patients are giving us. We should ask our patients about themselves. Not just what pain they have, or do they have this symptom or that symptom, but ask them who they are. What they do. What drives them. What makes them happy. Not only will it add so much depth and accuracy to their diagnosis and their care, knowing our patients will make doctors happier people—individuals who are more attuned to the humanity of our patients, and ourselves.

This column is modified from an article published in the American Academy of Emergency Medicine’s magazine, “Common Sense”. I explore these ideas and more in my new book, When Doctors Don’t Listen: How to Avoid Misdiagnoses and Unnecessary Tests.